Introduction to Qubits

Introduction to Qubits

A qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information, analogous to a classical bit in classical computing. However, while classical bits can only exist in two states (0 or 1), qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously.

This property of superposition is what gives quantum computers their power and potential for solving complex problems much faster than classical computers.

Qubits are typically represented using a two-level quantum mechanical system, such as the spin of an electron or the polarization of a photon. The two states of a qubit are conventionally denoted as |0⟩ and |1⟩.

Furthermore, qubits can be entangled with each other, allowing for the creation of quantum states that cannot be described by the individual qubits alone. This property of entanglement is crucial for many quantum computing algorithms.